Land: This is the earth's surface extending downward to the center of the earth and upward into the air, including all things naturally attached, such as trees, water, and minerals.
Improvements: These are any permanent, man-made additions to the land that increase its value. This includes:
Buildings (e.g., houses, offices, factories)
Fixtures (e.g., utility systems, fences, roads)
This distinguishes real estate (immovable property) from personal property (movable items like furniture, cars, or farm equipment).